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Short Communication | DOI: https://doi.org/BRCA-25-SC-020

Pulmonary Function Tests: A Cornerstone in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases

Damini Kharb 1*

PharmD Student, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

*Corresponding Author: Damini Kharb, PharmD Student, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Citation: Damini Kharb (2025). Pulmonary Function Tests: A Cornerstone in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases, J Biomedical Research and Clinical Advancements. 2(2) 20, DOI: BRCA-25-SC-020

Copyright: Damini Kharb, et al © (2024). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Received: 02 April 2025 | Accepted: 07 April 2025 | Published: 15 April 2025

Keywords: pulmonary function test; diagnosis; respiratory disorders; spirometry; lung function

Abstract

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are vital diagnostic tools for evaluating respiratory function and detecting pulmonary disorders. By distinguishing between obstructive and restrictive patterns, PFTs allow clinicians to make accurate, early diagnoses that are essential for effective management. Despite their high clinical value, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) remain underutilized in routine diagnostics. This communication highlights the importance of incorporating PFTs into everyday clinical practice for the early and accurate detection of respiratory diseases.

Introduction:

Pulmonary function tests (Figure 1), especially spirometry, are fundamental in diagnosing respiratory diseases. These non-invasive tests assess lung volumes and airflow, providing essential data that cannot be derived from symptoms or physical examination alone [1].

In clinical practice, differentiating between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases is critical. PFTs offer this clarity. For instance, a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio is indicative of obstructive conditions like asthma or COPD, while a reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) with a preserved ratio suggests restrictive disorders such as pulmonary fibrosis [2,3].

Beyond initial diagnosis, PFTs are also useful in assessing disease severity, monitoring progression, and evaluating treatment response. Despite these advantages, their use is often limited due to a lack of awareness or access, particularly in primary care and rural settings [3].

Incorporating PFTs into routine diagnostic workups can improve clinical outcomes, especially in patients with unexplained respiratory symptoms or those at risk due to smoking or occupational exposure. Given their diagnostic precision and ease of administration, PFTs should be considered an essential component of respiratory care [4].

Figure 1: Pulmonary Function Test [ FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced Vital Capacity; TLC: Total Lung Capacity; RV: Residual Volume; FRC: Functional Residual Capacity; DLCO: Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide].

Conclusion:

Pulmonary function tests are indispensable in the diagnostic evaluation of respiratory diseases. Their broader application in clinical settings can lead to earlier diagnosis, better disease management, and improved patient quality of life.

References

  1. Barkous, Balsam, et al.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  2. Kim, Na Young, et al.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  3. Lopes, Agnaldo José.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
  4. Ora, Josuel, et al.
    View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar
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