Gastroenteritis is a digestive system ailment that can be either acute or chronic. Its symptoms include diarrhea and symptoms of stomach irritation, including nausea, vomiting, and epi-gastric pain. The most typical sign of a lower gastrointestinal tract ailment is diarrhea. Diarrhea occurs when there are more than three bowel motions in a day and the stool is more watery or softer than normal. An increase in the volume, fluidity, or frequency of bowel movements in comparison to a person's typical habits is another definition of diarrhea. Diarrheal disease is a major public health concern for children under five in developing countries such as Nepal. In 2023–2024, there were 194 diarrheal deaths and 787,094 diarrheal visits globally. The incidence of diarrhea in children under five was 222/1000, and the case fatality rate was 0.2/1000. More than 12 bouts of diarrhea occur in children in certain poor countries each year, and diarrheal sickness accounts for 15–34% of all deaths. The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of affairs and additional elements that contribute to the spread of illness in our nation's socio-regional context. Dehydration, dysentery, malnutrition, and various illnesses are the primary causes of mortality from diarrhea. In this investigation, enteropathogens such as bacteria, Cyclospora cayetanensis, various parasites, and rotavirus were found in 201 (52.07%) of the diarrheal patients and 45 (39.47%) of the non-diarrheal cases. Massive micro biota are linked to gastroenteritis. They include bacteria like Shigella, enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholera, and others, as well as parasites like Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia. Certain bacteria, such as Campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogenic E. coli, Helicobacter pylori, etc., protozoans, such as Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium parvum, and other diarrheal viruses, such as rotavirus, Adeno virus, Norwalk agents, etc., have just recently been identified in the previous few decades. It is evident from the data that the Kathmandu valley and its surroundings are home to several entero pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including Cyclospora. It has been discovered that these infections are transmitted by food and water. The feco-oral pathway is how certain gastrointestinal disorders are spread. By putting into practice straightforward tactics like appropriate waste and water management and education on maintaining sanitary environments, the prevalence of gastrointestinal sickness may be considerably reduced.