The quantitative approach of citation and content analysis for academic journals, books, and researchers is known as bibliometrics. The number of times a specific work is mentioned by other resources is used to estimate the quantitative effect of a given publication. Inferentially, you can gauge the impact that a particular study has on the remainder of the academic literature. A compelling case for impact in a personal statement and qualitative peer review should always be added to bibliometrics. The foundation of bibliometrics is statistical sampling. It is predicated on a few presumptions. Each appraisal must take these presumptions into consideration. The essential tools that enable a user to comprehend the influence of a single published paper or of a researcher's body of work are citation databases and alternative metrics tools. citation databases and altmetrics tools can be used  for the following things: to demonstrate the influence of a piece of writing by displaying how many times it has been referenced since it was published as well as assemble the sources that the publication's author used. It is used to locate and read the most important works in a specific topic and to research related literature and follow the progress of a certain publication.

The statistical evaluation of books, papers, or other publications is called bibliometrics. The analyses are used to monitor the output and influence of authors or researchers. This can support funding and grants as well as tenure and promotion. The determination of journal impact factors, which might aid in choosing which journal to publish in, is also made using bibliometrics. In fact, bibliometrics is used to: analyze trends in a researcher's or field of study's research; offer proof of a researcher's or field of study's research's impact; discover new and developing research areas; find potential research collaborators; and identify appropriate sources in which to publish [1].

In reality, this is an effort to use statistical techniques like citation rates to statistically evaluate the academic quality of journals or writers. Also, it is a numerical examination of the publications created by people or organizations through time and in certain regions, as well as the relationships between these publications. Analyzing a group of articles in a particular field using quantitative metrics such how they have changed over time, how many times they have been cited, who the most productive authors are, etc. These are a few online resources and tools for bibliometric research.[2]

Web of Science.

One can search for subjects across several databases using Web of Science. From there, you can explore publications that cite (or are cited by) other articles and search for research that is frequently mentioned. Here is a wonderful spot to look for numerous articles on a particular subject [3].

Scopus. 

A sizable database with academic journal articles and conference papers on any topic related to the science, technology, medicine, social sciences, humanities, and arts. It includes information about the h-index and cited references [4].

Lens 

The Lens is a sizable database of academic publications and patent applications from all over the world. In order to facilitate and increase transparency in the innovation process, this database links patent documents with the academic works they mention and vice versa [5].

Use Google Scholar 

One can perform a search from one location that covers a wide range of subjects and sources, including academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities, and other scholarly organizations. These sources include peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts, and articles [4, 6].

Metrics at the article level

The scope and impact of scholarly research are measured at the article level using both established techniques like citation counts and more recent ones like alternative metrics, or "altmetrics." Article-level measurements are more applicable to a digital context because scholarly research is being disseminated more widely thanks to the internet.

Citation counts, which are determined by counting the number of times a piece of writing is cited in another piece of writing, can be available in a variety of sources, but those counts will probably vary due to variations in indexing. Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar all provide citation counts [2].

The goal of altmetrics is to evaluate the reach and influence of scholarly research in real time based on online interactions, not to replace traditional citation metrics. For instance, page views, downloads, shares, likes, or mentions from blogs, research networking sites, major media outlets, social media sites like Facebook or Twitter, or other online sources. Research databases contain information about altmetrics [3].

Metrics for authors

Author-level metrics make it possible to monitor a researcher's influence inside a given academic field. This is typically determined by counting the number of times other academics have cited their scholarly works. These influencing elements can help with funding and grants, tenure and promotion [5].

H-Index

One of the most popular author-level metrics for quantifying research output by author productivity and impact is the h-index, which J.E. Hirsch created in 2005. A researcher needs to have at least h publications with at least h citations in order to have an h-index. For a researcher to have an h-index, they must have a certain number of publications (h) that have received at least h citations.  For instance, an h-index of 15 implies that the researcher has at least 15 publications that have been cited at least 15 times each. Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar all provide access to an author's h-index [4]

G-Index 

In response to the h-index, Leo Egghe developed the g-index, an author-level indicator that gives highly cited publications more weight. Using the free Publish or Perish citation analysis application will allow you to see an author's g-index.

i10-Index

Google Scholar developed the i10-index as an index to rank author influence. It is merely the quantity of the researcher's papers with at least 10 citations. Simply, it is the number of publications the researcher has written that have at least 10 citations.

An author must have have created a public Google Scholar profile before their academic work may be indexed by the i10-index [3,5].

Metrics at the journal level

Metrics at the journal level aid in assessing a journal's significance or impact in a given field. The variables determine the number of papers that are published annually and the number of times that particular journal's articles are cited. Journal Citation Reports, CiteScore, and Google Scholar Metrics all contain journal-level  metrics [4].

Altmetrics

Via peer-review counts, influential news sites, blog postings, citation manager bookmarks like Mendeley, Wikipedia citations, and social media mentions on sites like Twitter and Facebook, altmetrics are "alternative metrics" that gauge the popularity and reach of scholarly work on the Web [5].

In order to assess influence, altmetrics go beyond the conventional citation metrics to take into account how scholarly output, such as journal articles and research datasets, are being cited and shared by others on the Web. They are intended to support existing measurements, not to replace them [3, 6].

Since traditional citation counts often trail by months or even years with "hot issues" receiving widespread attention, altmetrics counts (and ratings) are especially beneficial in these situations. Altmetrics examine citation and sharing data to gauge an article's influence. The work is more widely disseminated the higher the altmetrics score.

In a nutshell, altmetrics are tallies of mentions and connections to academic journals and datasets from respectable news sources (including aggregators), blogs, peer-reviewed websites, reference managers, and significant social media platforms [7].

According to the business Altmetric, a news item is worth 8 points, a blog post is worth 5, a Wikipedia link is worth 3, and a Twitter post is worth 1. Facebook, YouTube, and LinkedIn are some of the sources that only count for less than 1 point each. Some altmetrics sources merely count "mentions" without giving them any weight. Although scores from various sources cannot be directly compared, a higher score often indicates a more significant scholarly work [8].